PDF The Emperors: How Europe's Rulers Were Destroyed by the First World War

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On 28 June 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated on a visit to Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist called Gavrilo Princip. The assassination set in motion the events that led to the outbreak of the First World War, one of the bloodiest conflicts in human history and a trauma that would bring down the Austro-Hungarian Empire, ending nearly eight centuries of Hapsburg rule and unleashing unrest across the European continent.By the end of that conflict, not only had the Austro-Hungarian Empire crumbled, but the other two imperial rulers of Europe, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, had lost their grip on power. The three great monarchies of Europe had fallen. Only in Britain would the ruler of an empire, King George V, the first cousin of both the Kaiser and the Tsar, successfully retain his crown.In The Emperors, Gareth Russell tells the story of the Austrian, German and Russian imperial families during the four years of the First World War and the political and personal struggles that brought about their ruin.

The Emperors: How Europe's Rulers Were Destroyed by the First World War PDF ePub

Diocletian and the Tetrarchy / Western Civilization ~ The first phase of Diocletian’s government restructuring, sometimes referred to as the diarchy (“rule of two”), involved the designation of the general Maximian as co-emperor—first as Caesar (junior emperor) in 285, then Augustus in 286. This reorganization allowed Diocletian to take care of matters in the eastern regions of the empire, while Maximian similarly took charge of the .

Major Causes and Long-term Effects of the Fall of ~ After the death of their emperor, and the nearby villages and towns thoroughly pillaged, Constantinople was ravaged, and the Byzantine Empire fell to the rule of the Turks and their new ruler Sultan Mehmed II. Effects Hagia Sophia, a church, was converted into a mosque by Sultan Mehmed II. This had a huge impact on Christianity and the Holy .

BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: Christianity and ~ Christians were first, and horribly, targeted for persecution as a group by the emperor Nero in 64 AD. A colossal fire broke out at Rome, and destroyed much of the city.

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First World War, 1914-1918 - HistoryOfWar ~ The period before the First World War was one of increasing tension between the European powers. The decay of the Turkish Empire had been the cause of many, with various parts of the Empire snapped up by the major powers, while in the Balkans the Turks had been forced back almost to the gates of Constantinople. A second cause of friction was the perceived decay of the Hapsburg Dual Monarchy of .

600-1450 - A.P. World History Notes ~ He sailed around Southeast Asia and out to East Africa. In 1433, Zheng He's expeditions were ended and his records destroyed. Pressure from Confucian officials convinced the emperor that the expeditions were unneeded and too expensive, and that China should focus on internal stability by protecting the northern border.

Library - The history of libraries / Britannica ~ Many collections of records were destroyed in the course of wars or were purposely purged when rulers were replaced or when governments fell. In ancient China, for example, the emperor Shih huang-ti, a member of the Ch’in dynasty and ruler of the first unified Chinese empire, ordered that historical records other than those of the Ch’in be destroyed so that history might be seen to begin .

List of destroyed libraries - Wikipedia ~ The monastic libraries were destroyed or dispersed following the dissolution of monasteries by Henry VIII . Destroyed during the World War II bombing of Belgrade, on the order of Adolf Hitler himself. Around 500.000 volumes and all collections of the library were destroyed in one of the largest book bonfires in European history. SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library: Sofia: Bulgaria 1943 .

Mughal India ~ The Biggest Holocaust in World History ~ The modern World today is facing a global threat from organizations and groups of terrorists such as the ISIS, Taliban and Al-Qaeeda – whose ideology is chillingly similar to that of the perpetrators of the World’s biggest holocaust in India.

A TIME WHEN THE BIBLE WAS BANNED AND BURNED / Rome ~ were forbidden to sell any Bibles except to people who possessed a license from the Catholic church. Huge quantities of Scriptures in English, Germany, Italian, French, Spanish, and in other languages, were confiscated and destroyed throughout the 13th to the 19th centuries. Bible translators and distributors were imprisoned and burned. Even .

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The Development of Papal Supremacy / Western Civilization ~ When Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor in 800, he established the precedent that, in Western Europe, no man would be emperor without being crowned by a pope. After a conflict known as the Investiture Controversy, as well as from the launching of the Crusades, the papacy increased its power in relation to the secular rulers of Europe.

China - The Qing empire / Britannica ~ China - China - The Qing empire: After 1683 the Qing rulers turned their attention to consolidating control over their frontiers. Taiwan became part of the empire, and military expeditions against perceived threats in north and west Asia created the largest empire China has ever known. From the late 17th to the early 18th century, Qing armies destroyed the Oirat empire based in Dzungaria and .

The Fall of Ancient Rome - History Learning Site ~ Each part of the army had its own idea as to who should be emperor. When one part of the army succeeded in putting its own man into the position of emperor, another part of the army would fight to put its own man in power. Between AD 211 and AD 284, there were twenty-three ‘soldier-emperors’ – and twenty of these men were killed by rivals .

Akkadian Empire: The World's First Empire - ThoughtCo ~ The world's first empire was the Akkadian Empire, formed in 2350 B.C.E. Mesopotamia by Sargon the Great. It prospered during the Bronze Age.

World War II: The Fall of Imperial Japan - The Atlantic ~ World War II was over. Next week, in the final entry in this series, we'll take a look at what came next in the new post-war era. (This entry is Part 19 of a weekly 20-part retrospective of World .

European Unions Throughout History - HISTORY ~ Charlemagne’s successor, Emperor Louis I, thought the concept of “empire” would keep Europe together in the absence of his father, but the continent’s various rulers had different ideas .

Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911 AD), Chinese history - China ~ The reigns of the first three emperors, which lasted for 133 years, were a time of peace and prosperity for China. The Qing Dynasty adopted the form of government used during the Ming Dynasty with only minor adjustments. All positions were held jointly by one Manchu and one Chinese, with the Manchu having more power. The form of military organization that the Qing used was one of the best in .

Assyrian Empire: The Most Powerful Empire in the World ~ The Assyrians were the first army to contain a separate engineer corps. Assyrians moved mobile ladders and ramps right up against heavily fortified city walls. Sappers and miners dug underneath the walls. Massive siege engines became prized Assyrian armaments. Successfully taking city after city, the Assyrians extended their empire throughout the Middle East and down the Levant coast. After .

Early history of Switzerland - Wikipedia ~ The first bishoprics were founded in the 4th and 5th centuries in Basel (documented . a title that would become Holy Roman Emperor. Rudolph was therefore the ruler of all the reichsfrei communities as well as the lands that he ruled as a Habsburg. He instituted a strict rule in his homelands and raised the taxes tremendously to finance wars and further territorial acquisitions. As king, he .

The Roman Empire - History Learning Site ~ The Carthaginians were great traders in the Mediterranean Sea and as the Romans wanted to expand into this trading zone, a clash was inevitable. In 264 BC, the Romans and the Carthaginians had their first war. In a series of three wars, known as the Punic Wars, the Romans eventually defeated the Carthaginians. However, this took over 100 years to accomplish and the wars eventually ended in 146 .

Top 10 Worst Roman Emperors - Listverse ~ The man and wife were first, followed by the oldest child and so on. The crowd became outraged and began to disperse, but many stayed in morbid fascination. The last of the family was a 12 year old girl, who was sobbing hysterically at what she had been forced to watch. A member of the crowd shouted that she was exempt from execution as a virgin. Caligula smiled and ordered the executioner to .

Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I ~ • “The Emperors –How Europe’s Rulers Were Destroyed by the First World War” by Russell (2014). This is a very good book on the personal involvements of, and the effects on, the royal families or monarchies of the German, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian Empires. One of the things that stood out to me was how highly educated and literate (at least by the standards of 1914) were the .

Why Ancient Rome Needed Immigrants to Become Powerful ~ The empire was bookended, in a sense, by rulers of starkly different origins. Augustus, the first emperor, was part Roman noble; his other ancestors were wealthy Italians. The first Christian .

The 5 Most Powerful Empires in History / The National Interest ~ The Persian Empire was the first empire to connect multiple world regions, including the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, India, Europe, and the Mediterranean world. It jumpstarted the .